CSS Grid Using CSS Grid today on academic websites at the UCLA IoES Scott Gruber Los Angeles, October 2018
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CSS Grid Layout shipped in production browsers 2017.
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CSS Grid Layout brings a twodimensional grid system to the Web.
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“A grid is an intersecting set of horizontal and vertical lines”
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Overview • • • • • • • Grid terminology Grid display type Creating the grid template Naming grid areas Placing grid items Implicit grid behavior Grid spacing and alignment
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Grid display: grid;
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Grid Rows grid-template-rows grid-row
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Grid Columns grid-template-columns grid-column
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Grid Gap grid-gap
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Grid Area grid-template-areas grid-area
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Grid Terminology
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Creating a Grid Container To make an element a grid container, set its display property to grid. All of its children automatically become grid items. The markup
<div id="layout"> <div id="one">One</div> <div id="two">Two</div> <div id="three">Three</div> <div id="four">Four</div> <div id="five">Five</div> </div> The styles #layout { display: grid; }Slide 15
Defining Row and Column Tracks grid-template-rows grid-template-columns • The value of grid-tempate-rows is a list of the heights of each row track in the grid. • The value of grid-template-columns is a list of the widths of each column track in the grid. #layout { display: grid; grid-template-rows: 100px 400px 100px; grid-template-columns: 200px 500px 200px; } • The number of sizes provided determines the number of rows/ columns in the grid. This grid in the example above has 3 rows and 3 columns.
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Track Size Values The CSS Grid spec provides a lot of ways to specify the width and height of a track. Some of these ways allow tracks to adapt to available space and/or to the content they contain: • Lengths (such as px or em) • Percentage values (%) • Fractional units (fr) • minmax() • min-content, max-content • auto • fit-content()
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Fractional Units (fr) The Grid-specific fractional unit (fr) expands and contracts based on available space: #layout { display: grid; grid-template-rows: 100px 400px 100px; grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px; }
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Repeating Track Sizes The shortcut repeat() function lets you repeat patterns in track sizes: repeat(#, track pattern) The first number is the number of repetitions. The track sizes after the comma provide the pattern: BEFORE: grid-template-columns: 200px 20px 1fr 20px 1fr 20px 1fr 20px 1fr 20px 1fr 20px 1fr 200px; AFTER: grid-template-columns: 200px repeat(5, 20px 1fr) 200px; (Here repeat() is used in a longer sequence of track sizes. It repeats the track sizes 20px 1fr 5 times.)
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Giving Names to Grid Areas grid-template-areas • grid-template-areas lets you assign names to areas in the grid to make it easier to place items in that area later. • The value is a list of names for every cell in the grid, listed by row. • When neighboring cells share a name, they form a grid area with that name.
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Giving Names to Grid Areas (cont’d) #layout { display: grid; grid-template-rows: [header-start] 100px [content-start] 400px [footerstart] 100px; grid-template-columns: [ads] 200px [main] 1fr [links] 200px; grid-template-areas: "header header header" "ads main links" "footer footer footer" }
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Placing Items on the Grid (cont’d) By line number: #one { grid-row-start: 1; grid-row-end: 2; grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 4; } Using a span: #one { ... grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: span 3; } Starting from the last grid line and spanning backward: #one { ... grid-column-start: span 3; grid-column-end: -1; } By line name: #one { grid-row-start: header-start; grid-row-end: header-end; … }
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Feature Queries @supports (display: grid) { display: grid; grid-gap: 1em; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr)); }
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Bootstrap 12 column grid
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Bootstrap 12 column grid
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"Grid lets us move away from bootstrap 12 column grids"
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“Grids can help you create magazine layouts on the web”
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“Don’t just choose a grid. Design it!” –Nathan Ford founder of Gridset
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“The Fonmon”
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“The Gertsner”
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“The Gertsner”
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“The Carson”
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Andy Clarke, Head of Creative at Stuff and Nonsense. Design consultant and mentor. Author of “Art Direction for the Web”
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“Art direction and design helps your audience feel something”
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Cool CSS to explore in 2019 • Layout - CSS Grid and Flexbox • Multi-column layout • Floats as originally designed. • CSS Shapes, Transforms and Animations • Feature queries
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Rachel Andrew Rachel Andrew is a British web developer, author and speaker known for her expertise in HTML, CSS, JavaScript and PHP. Photo by Drew McLellan
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“If I can leave you with any advice, it is to make room for time to play with new things.” –Rachel Andrew
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Thank you. https://speaking.scottgruber.me
